Kazakhstan ratifies green energy partnership with Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan

Kazakhstan has ratified a regional green energy agreement with Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan, signalling Central Asia’s ambition to become a key supplier of renewable energy to international markets. 

President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev formalised the strategic partnership agreement on green energy production and transmission between Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan. The deal was first signed by the three heads of state in Baku on 13 November 2024 on the sidelines of COP29 and has now been formally enshrined in Kazakhstani law.

The agreement is built around a straightforward ambition: to turn Central Asia into a reliable supplier of clean energy for international markets. That means not just producing green hydrogen and ammonia, but building the transmission infrastructure to move that energy across borders at scale.

The parties have committed to harmonising technical and commercial standards for cross-border electricity flows and expanding export-oriented energy infrastructure. One of the more consequential provisions involves exploring integration with the Black Sea Energy submarine cable, a potential corridor for delivering Central Asian renewable power to European markets.

To keep the partnership on track, the three countries will establish a Steering Committee meeting at least twice a year, backed by a Working Group that will produce annual cooperation plans. The agreement also includes confidentiality rules for shared data and a negotiation-based mechanism for resolving disputes.

Kazakhstan has simultaneously ratified a separate agreement among the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on radiation monitoring data exchange, originally signed in Sochi in June 2023. Under that deal, national authorities are required to share verified radiation background data on a regular basis and to flag any interruptions to information transmission in advance. The scope is deliberately narrow: the agreement covers only state-level monitoring systems and has no bearing on nuclear energy facilities.

A common data exchange protocol is still to be finalised by the CIS Commission on the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy - an initiative by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - setting out formats, timelines and archiving rules. Once in place, it is expected to sharpen coordination and response times across participating states.

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