Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev have pledged to deepen bilateral ties across energy, trade, transport, defence, and technology following high-level talks in Astana.
Kazakhstan has ratified a regional green energy agreement with Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan, signalling Central Asia’s ambition to become a key supplier of renewable energy to international markets.
Kazakhstan’s proposed constitutional changes could improve domestic stability and support its multi-vector foreign policy, a regional analyst says, but concerns remain about leadership changes and economic uncertainty.
Kazakhstan’s President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has dismissed the political significance of recent private meetings between Vladimir Putin and former Kazakh leader Nursultan Nazarbayev, describing them as purely personal exchanges.
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