President Donald Trump said the U.S. is ready to restart mediation between Egypt and Ethiopia to help resolve their long-running dispute over Nile River water sharing.
In a letter to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi dated 16 January and shared on Truth Social, President Donald Trump said he was prepared to relaunch U.S.-led talks to reach a lasting agreement.
‘I am ready to restart U.S. mediation between Egypt and Ethiopia to responsibly resolve the question of the Nile water sharing once and for all,’ Trump wrote.
He stressed the importance of the Nile to Egypt and said any deal must protect the long-term water needs of Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. Trump added that ‘no state in this region should unilaterally control the precious resources of the Nile and disadvantage its neighbours in the process’.
What is driving the Egypt–Ethiopia dispute over the Nile?
The dispute centres on Ethiopia’s Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile. Egypt says the project threatens its water security, while Ethiopia says the dam is vital for national development and electricity generation.
The Nile is a critical lifeline for northeast Africa. Egypt depends on the river for more than 90 percent of its freshwater needs and views any reduction in downstream flow as an existential threat to food security, population growth and economic stability. Ethiopia, where most of the Nile’s water originates through the Blue Nile, argues it has the right to use the river to drive development, particularly through the dam, which it says is essential to expanding electricity access. Sudan, located between the two, fears both water shortages and flood risks if the dam is filled or operated without coordination.
Colonial-era water agreements that largely favoured Egypt and Sudan are rejected by Ethiopia, adding a legal and historical dimension to the dispute. With negotiations repeatedly breaking down and tensions rising, the issue has evolved beyond a technical water-sharing debate into a broader challenge for regional stability and diplomacy.
Trump said the proposed mediation would rely on technical expertise, fair and transparent negotiations, and a U.S. role in coordination and monitoring. He said an agreement should ensure predictable water releases during droughts for Egypt and Sudan, while allowing Ethiopia to generate electricity.
The letter was also shared with the leaders of Ethiopia and Sudan, as well as the crown prince of Saudi Arabia and the president of the United Arab Emirates.
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