Belarus frees 123 prisoners after U.S. lifts sanctions

Belarus frees 123 prisoners after U.S. lifts sanctions
Cars carrying the released prisoners from Belarus arrive at the U.S. embassy, in Vilnius, Lithuania, December 13, 2025.
Reuters

Belarus has released 123 prisoners, including opposition leader Maria Kalesnikava and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ales Bialiatski, following an agreement with the United States to ease sanctions on the country’s potash exports.

The move comes as President Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko seeks to improve ties with Washington. In exchange for sanctions relief, Minsk pardoned the prisoners, the Belarusian state news agency Belta reported. The U.S. announced on Saturday the lifting of restrictions on Belarusian potash, a key fertiliser export.

John Coale, U.S. special envoy for Belarus, described the two-day talks in Minsk as “very productive,” saying that normalising relations was “our goal.” Coale added that discussions included regular dialogue, prisoner releases, and moving the relationship from “baby steps to more confident steps.”

Among the released prisoners is Ales Bialiatski, a leading human rights advocate and founder of the Viasna Human Rights Centre, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022 while imprisoned. Convicted in 2023 on charges of tax evasion and financing actions deemed to violate public order, widely seen as politically motivated, he had been serving a 10-year sentence in a penal colony in Gorki, known for harsh conditions. Bialiatski’s health reportedly deteriorated in custody, with multiple chronic illnesses, prompting calls from a UN human rights panel for his release.

Maria Kolesnikova, 43, a professional flutist and a leading figure in Belarus’s 2020 pro-democracy protests, had been imprisoned since 2020. She became a symbol of resistance after authorities tried to deport her to Ukraine, but she tore up her passport at the border and returned to Belarus. Convicted of conspiracy to seize power and sentenced to 11 years, Kolesnikova reportedly fell seriously ill in prison and required surgery.

After their release, both Ales Bialiatski and Kolesnikova spoke with family members via video call. Kolesnikova’s sister, Tatiana Khomich, confirmed that she was in good health and expressed relief at seeing her freed. Several of the released prisoners are expected to travel to Vilnius, Lithuania, where crowds have gathered outside the U.S. embassy.

The release continues a broader pattern of Belarus easing political pressures in exchange for diplomatic concessions. Since July 2024, the country has freed more than 430 political prisoners, often coinciding with announcements of eased U.S. sanctions.

Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, opposition leader in exile and an ally of Kolesnikova, welcomed the release but cautioned against seeing it as a fundamental shift. “Lukashenko hasn’t changed his policies, his crackdown continues, and he continues supporting Russia’s war against Ukraine,” she told the AP. She added that while U.S. sanctions relief could lead to prisoner releases, European sanctions must aim for systemic changes in Belarus and an end to Moscow’s aggression in Ukraine.

John Coale, the U.S. special envoy for Belarus, confirmed that discussions also covered broader regional issues, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the situation in Venezuela. He said Lukashenko had offered “good advice” regarding Ukraine and highlighted the longstanding relationship between the Belarusian and Russian presidents as facilitating dialogue, though noting that the advice may or may not be accepted by President Vladimir Putin.

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