Georgia is increasing its focus on regional connectivity and infrastructure cooperation with Armenia, as competition over new transport routes and changing political dynamics reshape the South Caucasus.
Recent high-level economic talks in Yerevan highlight Georgia’s broader strategy to remain a key transit hub while supporting stability and economic integration in the region.
This approach reflects Georgia’s long-standing ambition to serve as a bridge between Europe and Asia through major transport corridors, including the Middle Corridor, which connects Central Asia and China to European markets through the South Caucasus.
Georgia’s location gives it a natural advantage as a transit country. Its ports on the Black Sea, railways, highways, and energy pipelines already play a central role in moving goods between Asia and Europe. This transit function is a major part of Georgia’s economy and geopolitical importance.
Strengthening ties with Armenia is an important part of maintaining this role. Armenia depends heavily on transit routes through Georgia to access global markets, primarily due to its long-standing closed borders with Azerbaijan and Türkiye, which have remained shut since the 1990s.
Although Armenia and Türkiye have held normalisation talks in recent years, their land border remains closed as of 2026. This makes Georgia Armenia’s main overland transit corridor for access to Black Sea ports, maritime trade routes, and wider international markets.
In recent years, cooperation between the two countries has intensified. High-level meetings have become more frequent, including the latest visit by Mariam Kvrivishvili, Georgia’s Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development.
She is responsible for economic policy, infrastructure, trade, and transport development. During her visit, she met with Gevorg Papoyan, Armenia’s Minister of Economy, who oversees economic development and international economic cooperation.
Their discussions focused on improving transport links, energy connectivity, trade flows, and infrastructure development. These areas are essential for maintaining reliable transit routes and supporting economic growth in both countries.
The renewed focus on connectivity comes amid concrete geopolitical and infrastructure developments linked to the Armenia-Azerbaijan peace process.
Negotiations have increasingly focused on reopening regional transport corridors, including routes that would connect Azerbaijan to its exclave of Nakhchivan through Armenian territory, and expand Armenia’s direct access to regional rail and road networks.
One proposed initiative widely discussed in international and diplomatic circles is a new transport corridor supported politically by Western partners, informally referred to in regional discussions as the 'TRIPP' or 'Trump road' initiative.
This concept reflects broader U.S.-backed efforts to stabilise the South Caucasus through economic integration and transport normalisation. These routes could connect Armenia more directly with Türkiye and Azerbaijan, potentially reducing Armenia’s exclusive dependence on Georgian transit infrastructure.
At the same time, Armenia is actively diversifying its connectivity options, including infrastructure modernisation and participation in alternative regional logistics routes. While this improves overall regional integration, it also introduces new competition for transit flows that Georgia has traditionally handled.
In this context, Georgia’s increased engagement with Armenia serves to ensure that it remains a central and reliable partner in regional logistics, even as new corridors are discussed and developed. Strengthening bilateral infrastructure, energy cooperation, and transit facilitation helps secure Georgia’s continued role in the evolving regional transport system.
One of the practical steps taken by Georgia is the introduction of symbolic tariffs on the transit of Azerbaijani oil products to Armenia through Georgian territory. This decision supports Armenia’s access to energy supplies while keeping transit flows active through Georgia.
This move also reflects Georgia’s broader role in supporting regional stability. By facilitating energy and trade connectivity between neighbouring countries, Georgia contributes to practical cooperation in a region with a history of political tensions.
At the same time, transit activity generates economic benefits for Georgia, including transport revenues and increased use of its infrastructure.
Energy and infrastructure cooperation are key pillars of Georgia’s transit strategy. Plans to strengthen cross-border electricity transmission networks with Armenia will improve energy security and system stability for both countries.
Transport infrastructure projects, including railway modernisation and road development, are also designed to increase capacity and efficiency. These investments help Georgia remain competitive as a transit corridor and support reliable regional logistics.
Such improvements also benefit Armenia by providing stable access to international markets through Georgian ports and transport networks.
For Georgia, cooperation with Armenia represents one important component of a broader strategy to remain competitive in a changing regional transit environment. Georgia’s position as a key transit hub depends on multiple corridors and partnerships, including routes connecting Central Asia, Azerbaijan, and the Black Sea. Maintaining strong operational relevance across these networks is essential as new regional transport routes are considered.
This strategy also unfolds at a time when Georgia’s relations with the European Union and the United States have faced increasing political strain. Concerns raised by Western partners over democratic governance and political developments have affected Georgia’s image as the most pro-Western and democratic state in the South Caucasus.
In this context, Georgia’s growing focus on regional connectivity and pragmatic economic partnerships reflects an effort to reinforce its geopolitical relevance through infrastructure and transit diplomacy.
At the same time, Western actors strongly support the Armenia-Azerbaijan peace process and the reopening of regional transport routes as part of broader stability efforts. These initiatives aim to integrate the South Caucasus into global trade networks and reduce long-term geopolitical tensions.
For Armenia, improved connectivity-whether through Georgia or alternative routes-strengthens economic resilience and reduces geographic isolation. For the wider region, expanded transport and energy links create mutual economic benefits and increase interdependence, which can support long-term stability.
However, Georgia’s ability to fully maintain and expand its central transit role will depend not only on regional infrastructure cooperation, but also on its broader geopolitical alignment and economic integration with Western partners, who remain key supporters of major connectivity initiatives linking the South Caucasus with global markets.
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