Environmental groups turn to AI to fight climate change

Environmental groups turn to AI to fight climate change
Elephants Rosewood and Cherry graze with a calf in Samburu, Kenya, 5 November 2026.
Reuters

Environmental organisations worldwide are increasingly using artificial intelligence to monitor wildfires, protect endangered species and analyse climate data, even as the technology's rising energy and water consumption raises concerns about its environmental impact.

A Reuters survey of 15 major environmental and conservation organisations found that all were using AI in some form, despite concerns over the electricity, water and emissions associated with the data centres powering the technology.

AI transforms wildlife conservation

In Cambodia, Conservation International is using AI to analyse satellite data and alert community forest patrols to potential wildfires in remote areas.

Meanwhile, Kenya's Save the Elephants is using machine learning to improve wildlife population surveys.

An aerial survey that previously required nine people working for nine months can now be analysed in hours using AI, according to the organisation.

The technology also revealed significant gaps in traditional surveys, with human observers missing approximately one-third of elephants, half of zebras and giraffes, and three-quarters of oryx populations.

At the Jane Goodall Institute, AI is helping digitise decades of handwritten chimpanzee research from Tanzania's Gombe National Park, reducing a project previously estimated to take up to 15 years to approximately two years.

Data centres raise environmental concerns

The rapid expansion of AI infrastructure is creating new challenges for climate action. According to the International Energy Agency, global data centres could consume around 945 terawatt-hours of electricity annually by 2030, roughly equivalent to Japan's annual electricity consumption.

Their associated emissions could exceed 300 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, while water consumption is projected to more than double from 560 billion litres in 2023 to 1.2 trillion litres annually by 2030.

Technology companies including Microsoft, Google and Amazon have reported rising emissions linked partly to data-centre expansion.

Conservation groups seek sustainable solutions

Some organisations are adopting measures to reduce AI's environmental footprint.

The World Resources Institute limits energy-intensive applications, including AI-generated images and videos, while reusing previously processed results to avoid unnecessary computation.

The Nature Conservancy uses AI-powered cameras aboard fishing vessels to analyse catches locally rather than transferring large volumes of footage to centralised data centres.

Greenpeace International, however, remains sceptical about the need for expanding AI infrastructure, questioning whether its environmental costs justify widespread deployment.

The debate is expected to feature at this month's COP31 climate summit in Türkiye, where governments and businesses will be encouraged to commit to principles for sustainable AI development.

For conservation organisations, the challenge is increasingly whether AI's potential to accelerate environmental protection can outweigh the resources required to power it.

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