From Peru to the Himalayas: The world’s deadliest glacier disasters

From Peru to the Himalayas: The world’s deadliest glacier disasters
A woman cries as she waits for news of a missing family member at an army base in Trishuli, Nepal, 27 August 2026.
Reuters

A glacial collapse that triggered catastrophic flooding along the Nepal-Tibet border on Wednesday has killed at least 270 people, with more than 1,000 still missing. Here are some of the most devastating glacier-related disasters recorded around the world: 

1941 - Huaraz, Peru

Around 5,000 people were killed when a glacial lake above Huaraz burst, sending water and debris into the Andean city.

The catastrophe became an early example of the risks posed by glacial lakes in Peru, which contains the largest concentration of tropical glaciers in the world.

The Pastoruri glacier is seen along the Climate Change Route near Huaraz, Peru, 19 September 2013.
Reuters
 
 
 
1962 - Ranrahirca, Peru

Mount Huascarán was again the source of disaster two decades later when millions of cubic metres of ice and rock broke loose and swept towards communities below.

Around 4,000 people were killed, with Ranrahirca among the settlements buried by the avalanche.

1970 - Yungay, Peru

Eight years later, Huascarán produced an even greater catastrophe.

A powerful earthquake triggered an enormous avalanche that overwhelmed Yungay and surrounding communities within minutes, killing an estimated 25,000 people.

The disaster remains the deadliest known glacier-related catastrophe and contributed to a wider earthquake death toll exceeding 50,000.

Children play near a rock from the 1970 avalanche that buried the town of Yungay, Peru, 28 November 2014.
Reuters
1981 - Cirenma Co, Tibet-Nepal

A glacier collapse into Cirenma Co near the Nepal border displaced enough water to overwhelm the lake’s natural barrier.

The resulting flood travelled downstream into Nepal, killing around 200 people and destroying infrastructure, including bridges and a hydropower facility.

2021 - Chamoli, India

More than 200 people were killed when a rock-and-ice avalanche in Uttarakhand transformed into a fast-moving torrent through Himalayan valleys.

The disaster drew particular attention to the vulnerability of hydropower infrastructure in high-altitude regions, with two projects swept away or severely damaged.

Aerial view of the aftermath of a glacier-triggered avalanche near the India-China border in Uttarakhand, India, 24 April 2021.
Reuters
2026 - Nepal-Tibet border

The latest disaster struck on Wednesday after part of a Himalayan glacier collapsed, sending ice, rock, mud and water through communities on both sides of the border.

Hundreds of people have been killed and more than 1,000 remain missing.

Experts are investigating what triggered the collapse. While unusually warm conditions preceded the disaster, scientists have cautioned that the respective roles of warming, geological instability and other factors have yet to be fully established.

The catastrophe has renewed concerns about the growing risks facing Himalayan communities as rising temperatures alter glaciers and high-mountain environments.

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