At least 30,000 displaced people have sought protection in shelters across Lebanon following an escalation in hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah, the United Nations refugee agency said on Tuesday, and added that many more were expected to join them.
The Israeli military has conducted intense air strikes across the country since Monday, prompting mass evacuations of people from areas. This military action followed Hezbollah rocket fire aimed at Israel late on Sunday, which occurred in reaction to U.S. and Israeli strikes against Iran.
"Conservative estimates suggest that nearly 30,000 people were hosted and registered at collective shelters," said UNHCR spokesperson Babar Baloch.
"Many more slept in their cars on the side of roads or were still stuck in traffic jams," he added.
Shelter capacity and refugee movement
The U.N. World Food Program expects the number of displaced individuals to rise significantly in the coming days. The Lebanese government said it has opened 21 official shelters to accommodate the growing numbers, though it said that resources remain stretched.
The UNHCR also reported a sudden increase in Syrian refugees moving from Lebanon back into Syria to escape the violence. The agency is implementing a contingency plan to manage a potential further influx of people crossing the border.
Lebanon hosts approximately 1.5 million Syrians alongside a domestic population of 4 million, representing the highest concentration of refugees per capita globally. Most of the 6 million Syrians who fled the 2011 conflict sought refuge in neighbouring countries such as Türkiye, Lebanon, and Jordan.
The current conflict exacerbates a severe, years-long economic collapse that has already pushed much of the Lebanese population into poverty. The country has struggled to maintain basic public services following compounding disasters, including the 2020 Beirut port explosion and widespread political instability.
Humanitarian organisations warn that the national infrastructure is ill-equipped to handle a new wave of mass displacement. Essential resources such as clean water, fuel, and medical supplies were already in short supply before the recent military escalation.
UNICEF warned that children in Lebanon's densely populated residential areas are at immediate risk from the ongoing air strikes. The agency reported that seven children have been killed and 38 injured since Monday, with casualty numbers expected to climb.
"Each new escalation expands the circle of harm. Residential areas, schools and critical infrastructure are being affected," UNICEF spokesperson Ricardo Pires said.
He emphasised that each new escalation expands the circle of harm, leaving vulnerable families with nowhere safe to turn.
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The Israeli military deployed additional forces to southern Lebanon overnight, to take up what a military spokesperson on Tuesday (3 March) described as "defensive positions" aimed at protecting Israeli civilians and strategic sites from potential Hezbollah attacks.
Israel carried out heavy airstrikes on the Hezbollah-controlled southern suburbs of Beirut on Monday (2 March), after the Iran-backed group launched missiles and drones towards Israel in retaliation for the killing of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
At least 10 people were killed and 50 wounded in Israeli strikes in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley on Friday (20 February), two security sources told Reuters, after the Israeli military said it had targeted Hezbollah sites in the Baalbek area.
The head of Hezbollah has issued a statement calling for mobilisation in support of Iran, using religious language and references to armed struggle that have raised concern among regional observers.
Saudi Arabia’s state oil giant Saudi Aramco closed its Ras Tanura refinery on Monday following an Iranian drone strike, an industry source told Reuters as Tehran retaliated across the Gulf after a U.S.-Israeli attack on Iranian targets over the weekend.
U.S. President Donald Trump said the U.S. military has enough stockpiled weapons to fight wars "forever"; in a social media post late on Monday. The remarks came hours before conflict in Iran and the Middle East entered its fourth day.
China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi has held talks with his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov following recent military strikes carried out by the United States and Israel on targets in Iran, as tensions in the Middle East continue to rise.
U.S. first lady, Melania Trump chaired a UN Security Council meeting on children and education in conflict on Monday (2 March), a move criticised by Iran as hypocritical following U.S. and Israeli strikes that triggered a UN warning about risks to children.
The U.S. embassy in Riyadh was hit by two drones resulting in a limited fire and some material damage, the kingdom's defence ministry said in a post on X on Tuesday, citing an initial assessment.
The widening war between Iran, U.S. and Israel is leaving civilians and soldiers caught in its wake. Thousands of people are stranded across the Gulf, flights are grounded, and Washington has confirmed the first American troops killed as fears grow of further casualties.
Azerbaijan's Astara border has become a key corridor for people wanting to leave Iran. More than 600 foreign nationals have been walking through the frontier this week amid the war in the Middle East.
Türkiye has suspended day-trip crossings at its Kapıköy border and two others with Iran as regional tensions escalate following strikes involving the United States and Israel on Tehran. AnewZ's Alisultan Sultanzade was on the ground at the crossing before the restrictions came into force.
The U.S. military's Central Command said on Tuesday that Iran has launched over 500 ballistic missiles and over 2,000 drones in its retaliatory attacks throughout the Middle East so far.
Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev highlighted the country's gas exports to Europe and renewable energy development at the Southern Gas Corridor Advisory Council 12th Ministerial Meeting and Green Energy Advisory Council 4th Ministerial Meeting on Tuesday (3 March) in Baku.
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