Uzbekistan is pursuing a dual-track development strategy, combining the expansion of its energy sector with an ambitious environmental agenda, as new oil and gas projects on the Ustyurt Plateau progress alongside large-scale greening initiatives.

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev was briefed on measures to stabilise gas production and expand hydrocarbon reserves. The projects involve cooperation between Uzbekneftegaz, Azerbaijan’s SOCAR and British energy major BP.

According to officials, the Ustyurt initiative is expected to attract around $2 billion in investment. The plateau is estimated to contain up to 100 million tonnes of oil and 35 billion cubic metres of natural gas. Annual oil production could reach 5 million tonnes - approximately 2.5 times Uzbekistan’s current import levels - with initial extraction planned within the next three to five years.

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Authorities are also prioritising the stabilisation of gas output through intensified geological exploration and the introduction of advanced technologies, including cooperation with international firms such as Boston Consulting Group and Schlumberger. These efforts aim to strengthen energy security and ensure a stable supply amid growing domestic demand.

Green transition targets

Alongside energy expansion, Uzbekistan is accelerating its environmental reforms under the nationwide “Yashil Makon” programme. A new presidential decree outlines plans to significantly increase green coverage across the country.

By 2030, Uzbekistan aims to raise greening levels from 14.2% to 30%, in line with international standards. Green space per capita is set to expand to 9–10 square metres, while concentrations of harmful air pollutants, including PM2.5 and PM10, are expected to decline by 20–25%. In regions with harsher climates, average temperatures could decrease by 1.5–2°C as a result of expanded vegetation.

As part of the initiative, at least 100 hectares of botanical and dendrological gardens will be created across the regions by 2028. These areas will be granted protected status and used for scientific, educational and environmental purposes, including collaboration with “green” educational institutions.

Incentives and carbon tracking

The decree also introduces new mechanisms to encourage public and private participation. Individuals planting at least 100 trees or contributing a minimum of 10 million soums will receive “eco-active citizen” status, while larger contributions - such as planting 50,000 trees or donating 5 billion soums (approximately $350,000) - will qualify for “patron” recognition.

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In addition, Uzbekistan plans to launch a “green ticket” system, enabling citizens and businesses to calculate and offset the carbon footprint of transport and goods. Funds generated through this system will be directed exclusively towards tree planting and maintenance.

Balancing growth and sustainability

Officials say the simultaneous push for energy development and environmental protection reflects a broader national priority: ensuring economic growth while mitigating long-term ecological risks.

As Uzbekistan moves to expand hydrocarbon production and reduce reliance on imports, parallel investments in green infrastructure and emissions reduction are expected to play a key role in shaping a more sustainable development model.

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Uzbekistan Central Asia Climate and Environment