Senior officials from the United States and China met in Paris this week for a new round of trade talks, as the world’s two largest economies attempt to manage their economic rivalry and avoid further tensions.

The meeting brought together U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng, who are leading the negotiations on behalf of their governments.

The discussions come as Washington and Beijing try to steady relations that have been strained for years by tariffs, technology restrictions and broader geopolitical competition. Officials from both sides described the talks as practical and focused on specific trade issues, rather than an attempt to reach a sweeping new agreement.

Agricultural trade 

One of the main topics under discussion is agricultural trade. The United States has been urging China to buy more American farm products such as soybeans, corn and meat. Expanding agricultural purchases has often been used as a way to reduce trade tensions, as it helps narrow the large trade imbalance between the two countries while offering a quick win for both sides.

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Access to critical minerals is also believed to be part of the discussions. Many advanced industries, including electronics, electric vehicles and aerospace, rely on materials that China produces in large quantities. Ensuring a stable supply of these resources has become increasingly important for the United States and other major economies.

Another idea being explored is the creation of new economic dialogue mechanisms that would allow the two countries to manage disputes more smoothly. Such forums could help officials address trade complaints or investment issues before they develop into larger political conflicts.

Despite the talks, expectations for a major breakthrough remain modest. Diplomats familiar with the discussions say the meeting in Paris is largely about maintaining communication and preventing tensions from escalating further. In recent years, both governments have tried to keep economic competition from turning into a full-scale trade conflict.

Extensive tariffs

The background to these negotiations goes back to the trade dispute that began during the first administration of U.S. President Donald Trump. At the time, Washington imposed tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of Chinese goods, arguing that Beijing’s trade practices were unfair and harmed American industries. China responded with its own tariffs on U.S. exports, including key agricultural products.

Although some agreements were reached later, many tariffs and economic restrictions have remained in place, leaving businesses on both sides facing continued uncertainty. The trade relationship between the two countries remains one of the most important in the world, with supply chains and industries across the globe closely tied to economic ties between Washington and Beijing.

The Paris meeting is also seen as preparation for a possible future meeting between President Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping. If such a summit takes place, it could provide an opportunity for both leaders to address economic and political issues and potentially outline the next stage of the relationship.

For now, the talks in Paris appear to be a cautious step towards keeping dialogue open. While no major agreements are expected immediately, even limited progress could help reduce uncertainty for global markets and signal that the two powers remain willing to work through their differences.

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News Politics United States China France economics Washington Beijing Scott Bessent He Lifeng Donald Trump Xi Jinping