At least 16 people were killed during anti-government protests across Kenya on Wednesday, with rights groups accusing police of using lethal force against demonstrators marking the anniversary of last year's deadly unrest.

Sixteen people died during nationwide anti-government protests in Kenya on Wednesday, with most victims reportedly shot by police, according to Amnesty Kenya. The demonstrations, which drew thousands to the streets, marked one year since tax protests in 2024 that left over 60 dead and saw demonstrators storm parliament.

Irungu Houghton, executive director of Amnesty Kenya, said the death toll was verified by the rights group along with the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR). “Most were killed by police,” he told Reuters, confirming that at least five victims had died from gunshot wounds.

KNCHR had earlier reported eight deaths linked to gunfire and said more than 400 people, including protesters, police officers and journalists, had been injured in the clashes. The group condemned what it described as “excessive use of force”, including rubber bullets and live ammunition.

Kenyan police have not commented on the allegations. The Independent Policing Oversight Authority confirmed at least 61 arrests nationwide.

Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi reported receiving 107 injured people, many with gunshot wounds. One Kenya Power security guard was also confirmed dead after being shot while patrolling company premises.

Tensions escalated when large crowds approached State House, the presidential residence. Broadcasters NTV and KTN were temporarily taken off air for covering the protests live, defying an order from the Communications Authority of Kenya. A Nairobi court later suspended the directive, allowing the channels to resume broadcasts.

Protests and sporadic violence were also reported in Mombasa, Kitengela, Kisii, Matuu and Nyeri.

Public anger has continued to simmer over the conduct of security forces. Earlier this month, outrage grew following the death in custody of Albert Ojwang, a blogger and teacher. Six individuals, including three police officers, have been charged with his murder.

Ojwang’s death has reignited calls for police accountability. “We are fighting for the rights of our fellow youths and Kenyans and the people who died since June 25... we want justice,” protester Lumumba Harmony told Reuters.

The anniversary comes a year after protesters stormed Kenya’s parliament on 25 June 2024 in response to a controversial tax bill. The events marked one of the gravest political challenges of President William Ruto’s administration and drew condemnation from international partners concerned over human rights violations.

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