A maritime dispute between Washington and Madrid is escalating after a U.S. federal agency proposed new measures that could affect Spanish shipping companies and a range of exports headed to the American market.
The U.S. Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) announced plans to impose a $200,000 fee on Spanish-flagged vessels calling at U.S. ports and is considering restrictions on several Spanish products, including olive oil, cosmetics and ceramics.
The proposals are not yet in force and will undergo a 60-day public consultation period before any final decision is made.
The controversy stems from decisions taken by Spanish authorities in 2024 to deny access to several U.S.-flagged ships. According to U.S. officials, the vessels were prevented from using Spanish ports because of concerns about cargoes linked to the conflict in Gaza.
Following an investigation, the FMC concluded that Spain's actions created discriminatory conditions for American shipping interests and justified potential countermeasures.
Spanish authorities have argued that the decisions were made in accordance with Spanish, European Union and international regulations governing military and dual-use goods.
While the dispute originated in the maritime sector, the proposed response could extend into trade.
Among the products that may face restrictions are some of Spain's most valuable exports to the United States. Olive oil, a cornerstone of Spain's agricultural exports, could be particularly affected, alongside cosmetics and ceramics.
The move raises the possibility of a broader economic disagreement between two longstanding allies whose trade relationship has generally remained strong despite political disagreements in recent years.
The case has unfolded against a backdrop of growing friction between Washington and Madrid on several international issues.
Although the maritime investigation began during the administration of former President Joe Biden, it has gained renewed significance under President Donald Trump, who has previously criticised Spain over defence spending and foreign policy positions.
Trump has repeatedly expressed dissatisfaction with Madrid's approach to NATO spending commitments and has also clashed with Spain over issues related to the conflicts in Gaza and Iran.
The latest FMC proposals represent the first concrete set of potential economic measures to emerge from those wider tensions.
The Spanish government said it is examining the FMC's findings and assessing the possible implications for Spanish companies and exporters.
Officials indicated that Madrid would defend its commercial interests in coordination with the European Commission and other European Union member states if the measures move forward.
At the same time, Spain emphasised that it remains committed to maintaining a strong economic relationship with the United States.
The 60-day consultation period means the proposals could still be modified, delayed or withdrawn before becoming official policy.
However, the announcement signals a significant escalation in a dispute that began with port access decisions and now risks affecting shipping, trade and broader transatlantic relations.
For Spanish exporters, particularly those dependent on the U.S. market, the outcome of the review process will be closely watched in the coming months.
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