Uzbekistan is moving forward with ambitious projects in the nuclear energy sector, combining the construction of small modular reactors with proposals for large-scale nuclear power plants.

This initiative became closer to reality with the signing of a deal between Uzbekistan’s Atomic Energy Agency Uzatom and its Russian counterpart Rosatom, for the supply of nuclear fuel for small-power nuclear power plant and large-Power nuclear plant.

This latest development which unfolded at World Atomic Week in Moscow marks a new stage in the country’s energy strategy as it seeks to meet growing demand while reducing carbon emissions.

Uzatom Director Azim Akhmedhajev hailed the project as “bold” and “cutting edge”.

"In the heart of Uzbekistan, in the Jizzakh region, we are creating an unprecedented energy project” he said.

“As pioneers in Central Asia’s nuclear power development, we are not just building the first plant in the region – we are the first to create an innovative solution for the future.

Our project is a bold combination of cutting-edge technologies of small-modular plants and time-tested solutions of classic high-capacity nuclear power” Akhmedhajev added.

The small modular reactor (SMR) project in Jizzakh region is already entering its practical stage. This autumn, preparatory works are expected to move into excavation, and the first concrete pour is expected to take place in March 2026.

Director General of Rosatom Alexey Likhachev also said of the project, that “Thanks to the reached agreements, Uzbekistan will become the first country in the world to build an integrated nuclear plant,

where a modern low-power nuclear plant and a large-power nuclear power plant will be operated simultaneously on the same site."

The plant will be based on Russian RITM-200N technology, with six reactors of 55 megawatts each, providing a total capacity of 330 megawatts.

Earlier this year, Rosatom produced a 205-tonne ingot of special alloyed steel destined for the reactor vessel, marking a significant milestone and confirming that the project has moved beyond the design phase.

In the agreement signed between Uzatom and Rosatom, the proposal foresees two VVER-1000 reactors, with the option of expanding to four units.

Officials emphasise that combining SMRs with large-scale reactors would create a carbon-free energy cluster capable of meeting the country’s growing electricity demand in a flexible and reliable way.

The project comes at a crucial time with Uzbekistan’s energy needs increasing rapidly and consumption projected to nearly double by 2030.

Nuclear energy is viewed as an important foundation for balancing energy supply, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting greenhouse gas emissions.

Moving from exporting raw materials to generating its own nuclear power represents a strategic step towards self-sufficiency for Tashkent and technological advancement in the energy sector.

Despite the momentum, the nuclear programme faces several challenges. Financing remains one of the most difficult issues, given the high upfront costs of nuclear construction.

Ensuring compliance with international safety standards and domestic regulatory frameworks is another priority, requiring close cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Public trust is equally important, particularly in guaranteeing that local communities are informed, environmental concerns are addressed, and strict safety protocols are observed at every stage.

If implemented successfully, the combination of small modular reactors and large nuclear plants will provide Uzbekistan with greater energy security and a leading position among countries adopting low-carbon technologies for the future.

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