Syria has transitioned from mandatory conscription to voluntary military service, a move that has led to a surge in new enlistments. The policy change comes under the new Syrian administration, which has ruled the country since December, following the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad’s government.

Interim Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa confirmed the shift during a podcast interview with Alastair Campbell and Rory Stewart, stating that compulsory service has been replaced with voluntary recruitment. He also announced plans for a constitutional declaration to guide Syria’s political transition.

Why Does a New Volunteer Model Matter?

Under Assad’s rule, many Syrian men fled conscription, seeking refuge in Lebanon, Jordan, and Türkiye. The military’s strength was significantly reduced due to casualties, defections, and draft-dodging, shrinking from 300,000 soldiers to nearly half that number.

While Syria’s economy remains fragile, some exiled Syrians may return to enlist, particularly if the military shifts towards a civilian-led structure. In January, the Defense Ministry held discussions with military leaders on integrating various factions into the armed forces.

Who Will Be Syria’s New Defense Partners?

During his February visit to Türkiye, President Al-Sharaa met with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to discuss border security and counterterrorism. Reports suggest Ankara is considering establishing two air bases in Syria and has proposed training Syrian soldiers.

While no formal defense pact has been signed, Turkish officials have left open the possibility of future military cooperation. If an agreement is reached, Syria could benefit from NATO-style military training through Türkiye, which is a NATO member.

As Syria rebuilds its defense institutions, President Sharaa faces a critical challenge—securing partnerships while maintaining Syria’s stability and neutrality in a region often shaped by international power struggles.

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