The euro marks its 26th year amid economic challenges, with fluctuating value and new digital currency developments shaping its future across Europe and the global market.
The euro, now in its 26th year, faces challenging economic conditions in the eurozone.
Introduced in 1999 as a dematerialized currency for accounting and electronic payments, it became physical currency in 2002, used daily by 350 million people in 20 EU member states. The European Central Bank (ECB) oversees the monetary policy, aiming to control inflation below 2% by adjusting interest rates.
The euro, the world's second most significant currency after the US dollar, circulates in seven banknote denominations and various coins. The €500 note was discontinued in 2019 due to concerns over money laundering and terrorism.
While all EU countries, except Denmark, are required to adopt the euro if eligible, Croatia joined the eurozone in 2023, and Bulgaria is expected to follow.
The euro's value has fluctuated since its launch. After a drop to $0.83 in 2000, it reached $1.60 in 2008, but geopolitical tensions and global crises led to a 16% depreciation against the dollar in 2022.
Despite recovery in 2023, the euro faced pressure from various factors, including Donald Trump’s election win, and ended 2024 at $1.04, near the $1 parity last seen in the early 2000s.
Globally, the euro’s role has diminished, accounting for 19.76% of global reserves in 2024, down from 25% in 2003. Its share in global payments also declined to 22.9% by October 2024.
In response to changing financial landscapes, the ECB is developing a digital euro, expected to complement traditional currency and be available for public use. With a regulatory framework being established, a draft rulebook is anticipated in early 2025, offering a reliable and stable digital payment option across Europe.
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The collective-defence agreement between Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signals that regional powers no longer want to rely solely on external security guarantees. Whether it becomes a stabilising deterrent or another axis of rivalry remains unresolved.
Shipping traffic through the Strait of Hormuz remains limited on Thursday, with no increase in vessel crossings as U.S.-Iran talks to resolve the conflict remained stalled. Nine commodity vessels transited the key waterway on Wednesday, unchanged from the previous day, according to Kpler data.
Shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has slowed, according to the latest data, as uncertainty over the waterway’s reopening kept most shipowners away. Six commodity vessels crossed the strait on Tuesday, down from nine the day before and below the 10-day daily average of 11.
Iran has said the Strait of Hormuz will remain closed until the U.S. fulfils the terms of an interim deal, including lifting the maritime blockade and sanctions and releasing Iran’s frozen assets.
Start your day informed with AnewZ Morning Brief. Here are the top news stories for the 19th of August, covering the latest developments.
Once associated mainly with Muslim-majority countries, Islamic finance has become a global industry. Its assets reached around $5.98 trillion in 2025, according to ICD–LSEG, as more countries explore Shariah-compliant finance.
Fuel restrictions have returned to parts of Moscow and the surrounding region, adding another strain to Russia’s economy as refinery outages and rising imports weigh on the rouble.
Azerbaijan exported goods worth $17.372 million to Armenia between January and July 2026, according to data from the State Customs Committee, as commercial ties between the two South Caucasus neighbours showed signs of expansion.
Online fast-fashion platform Shein lost a London copyright lawsuit against rival Temu on Thursday over photographs used to promote some products.
Norway’s $2.3 trillion sovereign wealth fund has revealed a 0.05 per cent stake in SpaceX worth $1.22 billion, marking its first reported holding in Elon Musk’s space company.
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