China has banned the export of gallium, germanium, antimony, and related materials to the United States, citing national security concerns, its commerce ministry announced on Tuesday.
"In principle, the export of gallium, germanium, antimony, and superhard materials to the United States shall not be permitted," the ministry stated.
The directive, which targets items with both military and civilian applications, takes immediate effect and mandates stricter reviews of end-usage for graphite exports to the U.S. It follows Washington’s latest crackdown on China’s chip sector announced a day earlier and comes ahead of President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration.
Impact on U.S.-China Trade Relations
Gallium and germanium are critical for semiconductors, while germanium is also used in infrared technology, fiber optic cables, and solar cells. Antimony is essential in ammunition, infrared missiles, night-vision goggles, batteries, and photovoltaic equipment. China accounted for 48% of global antimony mining output, 59.2% of refined germanium production, and 98.8% of refined gallium output last year, according to consultancy Project Blue.
However, Chinese customs data indicate no shipments of wrought or unwrought gallium or germanium have been sent to the U.S. this year through October, despite the U.S. being a significant market in 2023.
Supply Chain Disruptions
The restrictions are expected to further strain global supply chains. Prices for antimony trioxide in Rotterdam have surged 228% this year, reaching $39,000 per metric ton as of November 28, according to Argus.
"Everyone will dig in their backyard to find antimony. Many countries will try to find antimony deposits," a European metals trader commented.
Chinese exports of antimony products in October dropped by 97% compared to September, reflecting the immediate impact of the export curbs.
Broader Trade Tensions
The announcement follows the U.S.’s third crackdown in three years on China’s semiconductor industry, restricting 140 companies, including Naura Technology Group.
The timing coincides with President-elect Donald Trump’s upcoming inauguration, who has pledged to impose steep tariffs on Chinese goods during his campaign.
China’s move highlights the growing economic rift between the two nations and signals escalating trade tensions amid ongoing supply chain disruptions.
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