U.S. Vice President JD Vance arrived in Israel on Tuesday as Washington seeks to stabilise the fragile Gaza ceasefire and press Israel and Hamas toward deeper concessions in upcoming talks.
The two sides have accused each other of repeated breaches of the ceasefire since it was formally agreed eight days ago, with flashes of violence and recriminations over the pace of returning hostage bodies, bringing in aid and opening borders.
However, U.S. President Donald Trump's 20-point ceasefire plan will require much more difficult steps to which the sides have yet to fully commit, including the disarmament of Hamas and steps towards a Palestinian state.
Vance's visit follows Monday's talks between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and U.S. envoys Steven Witkoff and Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner and comes as Hamas meet mediators in Cairo.
A senior Israeli official said the purpose of Vance's visit was to advance the Gaza talks to the second phase of the ceasefire.
Hamas' Cairo talks, led by the group's exiled leader Khalil al-Hayya, are also looking at prospects for the next phase of the truce and post-war arrangements in Gaza as well as stabilising the existing ceasefire.
A delegation from Egypt, an important mediator in the conflict, arrived in Israel on Tuesday, Israeli and Egyptian sources said. It was not immediately clear if its arrival was related to Vance's visit.
Underscoring the fragility of the truce, Qatar, another of the mediators, on Tuesday accused Israel of "continuous violations". It and Turkey, which has used its role to bolster its regional position, have been key interlocutors with Hamas.
Trump's plan called for the establishment of a technocratic Palestinian committee overseen by an international board with Hamas taking no role in governance.
A Palestinian official close to the talks said Hamas encouraged the formation of such a committee to run Gaza without any of its representatives, but with the consent of the group as well as the Palestinian Authority and other factions.
Last week senior Hamas official Mohammed Nazzal told Reuters the group expected to maintain a security role on the ground in Gaza during an undefined interim period.
Israel has said Hamas can have no role at all in Gaza, while it and Trump have said the group must disarm. Nazzal would not commit to the group disarming.
Hamas last week battled rival gangs on the streets in Gaza and publicly executed men it accused of having collaborated with Israel. Trump condoned the killings but the U.S. military's Middle East command urged Hamas to stop violence "without delay".
Vance was expected on Tuesday to visit the headquarters of joint forces led by the U.S. military and meant to help with Gaza stabilisation efforts.
Return of bodies and aid deliveries
Speaking to Egyptian television late on Monday, Hayya reaffirmed the group's compliance with the truce and said it would fulfil its obligations in the first phase, including returning more bodies of hostages.
"Let their (hostages) bodies return to their families, and let the bodies of our martyrs return to their families to be buried in dignity," he said.
One more body of a hostage seized by Hamas in its October 7, 2023, attack that triggered the war was returned on Monday and identified by Israeli authorities. Some 15 bodies are believed to remain in Gaza, with Israel expecting about five of them to be returned soon and others requiring a slower, more complex, process of retrieval.
Israel handed back another 15 Palestinian bodies on Tuesday, local health authorities said, taking the total it has returned to Gaza to 165.
Inside Gaza on Tuesday, more aid was flowing into the region through two Israeli-controlled crossings, Palestinian and U.N. officials said.
However, with Gaza residents facing catastrophic conditions, aid agencies have said far more needs to be brought in.
Ismail al-Thawabta, director of the Hamas-run Gaza government's media office, said far fewer trucks had entered than had been agreed upon and called it "a drop in the ocean of what people need".
Violence in Gaza since the truce has mostly focused around the "yellow line" demarcating Israel's military pullback. On Tuesday Israel's public Kan radio reported troops had killed a person crossing the line and advancing towards them.
Palestinians near the line, running across devastated areas close to major cities, have said it is not clearly marked and hard to know where the exclusion zone begins. Israeli bulldozers began placing yellow concrete blocks along the route on Monday.
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