Uzbekistan has adopted new legislation regulating the use of artificial intelligence, introducing fines for the unlawful processing of personal data and banning legally binding decisions based solely on AI systems.
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed Law No. ZRU-1115, which amends the Law ‘On Informatization’ and establishes the legal framework for the development and use of artificial intelligence technologies in the country.
The law defines artificial intelligence as a complex of technological solutions enabling systems to imitate human knowledge and skills, independently learn, search for solutions and generate results comparable to human intellectual activity in specific tasks.
It also clarifies the powers of the authorised state body overseeing the AI sector.
One of the key provisions prohibits state bodies and organisations from relying exclusively on AI-generated conclusions when making decisions that affect human rights and freedoms, ensuring that human oversight remains mandatory in legally significant processes.
The legislation also introduces administrative fines for the unlawful processing of personal data using AI technologies, as well as for its illegal dissemination in the media and online.
The penalty ranges from 50 to 100 base calculation units, equivalent to approximately $1,635 to $3,270, with confiscation of the instrument used to commit the offence.
International backdrop
Globally, governments are increasingly seeking to regulate AI rather than fully rely on it.
The European Union has adopted its landmark AI Act, limiting the use of AI in high-risk areas and requiring strict transparency for sensitive applications.
In the United States, AI is widely used in courts for document analysis and case management, but judges are prohibited from basing rulings solely on algorithmic outputs.
China, meanwhile, requires AI-generated content to comply with strict data and security standards.
Against this backdrop, Uzbekistan’s decision to prohibit legally binding decisions based only on AI places the country firmly within the global trend of prioritising human control over full automation.
Officials say the new law is intended to promote the safe development of artificial intelligence while protecting citizens’ rights and preventing misuse of advanced digital technologies.
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