The UK and the European Union have reached their most significant post-Brexit agreement yet, resetting trade and defence ties amid rising global instability and U.S. President Donald Trump’s disruption of the global order.

Nearly nine years after Britain voted to leave the EU, Prime Minister Keir Starmer has secured a wide-ranging deal with European leaders that deepens cooperation on defence procurement, reduces trade barriers, and eases travel for Britons.

Announced in Brussels on Monday, the agreement allows Britain—Europe’s second-largest defence spender—to participate in joint military procurement initiatives. It also makes it easier for UK food exports and travellers to access the EU and introduces a new fishing agreement.

Trump’s protectionist tariffs and his calls for Europe to shoulder more of its defence responsibilities prompted many governments to reassess strategic partnerships. This environment brought Starmer closer to French President Emmanuel Macron and other EU leaders, culminating in the deal.

Standing alongside EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Antonio Costa, Starmer hailed the accord as “a new era in our relationship.”

Von der Leyen added, “At a time of global instability, and when our continent faces the greatest threat it has for generations, we in Europe stick together.”

Key highlights of the deal include:

• Reduced red tape for UK food and agricultural exports to the EU.
• British access to EU’s €150 billion defence rearmament programme.
• A new 12-year reciprocal fishing agreement.
• Plans for youth mobility and renewed discussions on joining Erasmus+.
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The UK government projects the agreement could add nearly £9 billion ($12.1 billion) to the economy by 2040. It follows similar economic cooperation deals struck this month with India and the United States.

On defence, British firms such as BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce and Babcock will now be eligible to bid on EU-wide military contracts.

The fishing agreement, which grants mutual access to waters for 12 years, was seen as a trade-off for easing paperwork that had previously hindered small food exporters.

In return, the UK has agreed to the outline of a limited youth mobility scheme with full details to come and re-engaged in talks to rejoin Erasmus+.

Domestic reactions have been sharply divided.
Brexit campaigner Nigel Farage and the opposition Conservatives denounced the agreement, accusing Starmer of surrendering key Brexit wins. But Starmer, who supported Remain in 2016, is betting that benefits like faster EU e-gate access for Britons will outweigh cries of “betrayal.”

Polls show a majority of Britons now regret Brexit, though not enough to support rejoining. With Farage leading in some national polls, Starmer faces limited room for bold EU reintegration.

Rather than returning to the EU’s single market, Starmer has opted for targeted cooperation—often seen in Brussels as “cherry-picking.” But trade experts say the move to accept EU oversight on food standards in exchange for economic gains is politically savvy.

Despite the breakthrough, Brexit’s long-term impact remains. The UK’s departure has cost the City of London thousands of jobs and weighed heavily on financial sector output and tax revenue.

Yet after years of turbulence, this deal signals renewed pragmatism and an effort to stabilise one of the world’s most consequential diplomatic relationships.

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