France has rejected India’s request to share source codes needed to integrate indigenous weapons into Rafale fighter jets. Despite repeated appeals, French manufacturer Dassault Aviation has refused to compromise on the issue

India, aiming to reduce foreign dependency in its defense sector, seeks to equip Rafales with domestically developed missiles, bombs, and electronic systems. However, this integration requires access to critical source codes, which remain unavailable.

Dassault Aviation has “categorically” refused to share the codes that control the aircraft’s core systems, citing security and strategic concerns.

2016 Deal for 36 Rafales

In September 2016, India signed a €7.8 billion deal with France to acquire 36 Rafale jets. The first aircraft was delivered on July 29, 2020, and the final unit arrived on December 15, 2022. All Rafales are currently deployed at airbases in Ambala (Haryana) and Hasimara (West Bengal).

New Rafale-M Contract Signed

In April 2025, India signed a new €6.9 billion agreement with France for 26 naval variants of the jet, known as Rafale-M. Deliveries are set to begin in 2028 and be completed by 2030. These aircraft will replace India’s MiG-29K fleet and serve on aircraft carriers INS Vikrant and INS Vikramaditya.

Source Codes Include Critical Systems

Dassault offers limited support for integrating Indian-made weapons like the Astra Mk1 and SAAW into Rafales. However, it firmly refuses to share source codes controlling key systems such as the Thales-made AESA radar and mission computers.

India hopes to access these codes to tailor the aircraft to its operational needs and fully align them with indigenous systems.

France’s Justification for Withholding Codes

Dassault Aviation and Thales attribute their decision to not share the source codes to security, strategic, and economic reasons. The companies say the codes are the result of decades of R&D and that sharing them with third parties could pose serious performance and security risks.

French officials argue that releasing the codes could lead to their proliferation or misuse by unauthorized actors. They also warn that external access could compromise system integrity and complicate future technical support.

Limited Technical Cooperation Underway

Despite the refusal to share full code access, France is providing limited technical assistance to help integrate select Indian weapons into the Rafale system. This cooperation is being carried out through controlled software development kits and joint engineering teams.

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