European, Ukrainian and U.S. officials met in Geneva on Sunday to examine Washington’s draft plan to end the war in Ukraine. The proposal has raised concern in Kyiv and among its allies, who say it includes major concessions to Russia.
The plan gives Ukraine until Thursday to respond. It would require Kyiv to cede territory, accept limits on its military and abandon ambitions to join NATO. For many in Ukraine, including soldiers on the front line, the terms resemble capitulation after nearly four years of fighting.
There has also been confusion over how the proposal was drafted. European partners said they were not consulted, with Poland’s Prime Minister Donald Tusk asking publicly who authored the plan and where it originated.
Senior U.S. figures arrived in Geneva for the talks, including Special Envoy Steve Witkoff, Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Army Secretary Daniel Driscoll. A U.S. official said the aim was to work through the details of the plan and prepare ground for further discussions between President Donald Trump and President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. According to the official, no agreement will be finalised until the two leaders meet.
The talks come at a difficult moment for Ukraine. Russian forces have made gains in the east and south, including parts of the transportation hub of Pokrovsk. Ukrainian commanders say they lack enough personnel to counter small but persistent Russian incursions. Energy facilities have been struck repeatedly, leaving millions without stable access to water, heating and electricity.
At the same time, Kyiv faces internal pressure after a corruption scandal involving several senior figures. Ukrainian officials had been encouraged by tightened U.S. sanctions on Russia’s oil sector and by their own long-range strikes on Russian energy sites. The draft peace plan, however, has triggered widespread alarm inside Ukraine’s political and military leadership.
Diplomats said a European version of the peace plan, based on the U.S. proposal, has already been sent to Ukraine and Washington. Leaders from Britain, France and Germany are also involved in the Geneva discussions.
Ukraine’s delegation, led by Andriy Yermak, held meetings with European national security advisers before entering talks with the U.S. team. Yermak said the goal remained achieving a sustainable and just peace.
Zelenskyy warned that Ukraine risks losing both dignity and international support if it accepts a deal that favours Moscow. Russian President Vladimir Putin has described the proposal as a basis for negotiation, though Moscow is expected to object to some elements, including withdrawals from recently captured areas.
The Geneva discussions will continue through the week as Washington, Kyiv and European capitals attempt to narrow their differences before the Thursday deadline.
What the 28-point plan includes
• Territorial arrangements
Ukraine would accept the loss of territory currently held by Russian forces, freezing the front line as the basis for a ceasefire.
• Limits on Ukraine’s military
The plan would cap the size of Ukraine’s armed forces, restrict long-range weapons and halt strikes deep inside Russia.
• End to NATO ambitions
Ukraine would renounce its bid to join NATO and adopt a neutral or non-aligned status.
• International monitoring
Verification teams would oversee disengagement areas, troop withdrawals and the establishment of demilitarised zones.
• Governance of contested areas
Transitional administrative bodies would manage disputed regions with phased reintegration tied to security conditions.
• Reconstruction and economic oversight
A Western-funded package would rebuild infrastructure under strict monitoring to prevent misuse of funds.
• Humanitarian measures
The plan includes prisoner exchanges, humanitarian corridors and mechanisms to locate missing persons.
• Diplomatic architecture
Future summits between Trump, Zelenskyy and Putin, plus new commissions on borders, trade and long-term political arrangements.
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