Top 10 Endangered Species to Look Out For in 2025

Introduced to Europe for fur farming in the 1930s, the American mink has become a highly destructive invasive predator, flourishing since escaping into the wild. In stark contrast, the European mink—its native counterpart—is now one of the continent’s most critically endangered species. Loss of habitat, hunting, and, more recently, competition from the more aggressive American mink, have pushed it to the brink of extinction. Fauna & Flora, alongside our partners in Romania, will carry out field surveys to assess the presence of any remaining European minks in the Carpathian Mountains, while also continuing efforts to restore freshwater habitats that can help reconnect the fragmented spaces vital for this native carnivore’s survival.

ANTILLEAN MANATEE

Like their close relative, the dugong, manatees are often called sea cows, though they are distinguished by their paddle-shaped tail. The Antillean manatee is a reclusive estuarine mammal that feeds on submerged and floating plants. In Honduras' Cuero y Salado Wildlife Refuge, the manatee’s food sources and water quality are under threat from encroaching homes, crops, livestock, and businesses along the riverbank. This development is depleting the mangrove forests, reducing food supplies, and contributing to murky, polluted water. Fauna & Flora is partnering with FUCSA and working alongside government agencies, academics, other NGOs, and local communities to develop a recovery plan for the manatees and their endangered habitat.

 

GREY-SHANKED DOUC LANGUR

Confined to shrinking forest patches in central Vietnam, the grey-shanked douc langur is among the world’s rarest primates. In 2016, a Fauna & Flora-led survey team uncovered a significant population of around 500 individuals in Kon Plong, but the species remains critically endangered. Hunted for meat, traditional medicine, and the pet trade, the grey-shanked douc is also facing habitat loss due to deforestation and fragmentation. Recently, Fauna & Flora confirmed that Ba To forest is home to more than 100 grey-shanked doucs—making it the world’s third-largest population. We have begun working with the provincial government to secure formal protection for this crucial primate habitat.

 

NGURU SPINY PYGMY CHAMELEON

The Nguru spiny pygmy chameleon is no larger than a paperclip. Well-adapted to its montane forest home in Tanzania, it camouflages perfectly with the leaf litter and low vegetation. However, this tiny lizard faces severe threats from habitat loss due to agricultural expansion and logging, as well as the illegal pet trade. Despite being listed on CITES Appendix II and a government ban on live animal exports, illegal collection continues, adding further pressure to this critically endangered species. Eva Ayaro and her team in Tanzania, supported by a Conservation Leadership Programme award, are working to protect this chameleon, along with two other pygmy species.

 

STEPPE TORTOISE

The steppe tortoise was the first vertebrate to successfully orbit the Moon, part of a Soviet-led mission in 1968 alongside other life forms. On Earth, it inhabits the deserts and steppes of Central Asia. Today, this species is one of the most heavily trafficked reptiles, and its populations are rapidly declining. Fauna & Flora is collaborating with local experts, governments, and partners in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to better understand the drivers behind illegal collection and trafficking of the species. We are also supporting efforts to reassess its status on both the CITES and IUCN Red Lists.

GREAT HORNBILL

Asia’s hornbills rely on vast, undisturbed forests for food and nesting sites. As lowland forests in the region continue to shrink and fragment, these birds are increasingly moving into remote mountain areas. In Myanmar’s Arakan Mountains, both the great hornbill (pictured) and the rufous-necked hornbill are benefiting from a pioneering collaboration between local communities, coffee producers, and conservationists. This initiative was originally set up to safeguard the habitat of the endangered western hoolock gibbon from agricultural conversion. Fauna & Flora is continuing efforts to monitor and protect great hornbill nesting sites, while conducting population surveys to assess the impact of our agroforestry project on these iconic yet vulnerable birds.

 

AFRICAN WILD DOG

Painted hunting dogs are among the world’s most endangered carnivores. These animals require expansive territories, but habitat fragmentation has brought them into closer contact with humans, exposing them to persecution and diseases from domestic dogs. South Sudan, with its vast and remote wilderness, offers a potential refuge for African wild dogs and other species in decline. Camera traps in Southern National Park have captured several images of these painted hunters, while rangers on patrol have recorded numerous tracks and even live sightings of wild dogs.

 

MOUNTAIN CHICKEN

Reaching up to 20 centimetres in length and weighing as much as a kilogram, the mountain chicken is one of the world’s largest and rarest frogs. Once found across five Caribbean islands, this giant amphibian is now restricted to Dominica—where it was once an unofficial national dish—and a small protected area on Montserrat. Hunting, habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and a deadly fungal disease have pushed this unfortunate frog to the edge of extinction. Fauna & Flora’s local partner, WildDominique, is leading an ambitious rescue effort to save the species from vanishing.

WHALE SHARK