Germany eyes shelter expansion amidst European security concerns

BBK head Ralph Tiesler warns the nation is ill-prepared for a potential European conflict within four years, pushing to convert existing structures for 1 million people and upgrade warning systems, reflecting new security concerns.

Germany is reportedly making plans to expand its network of bomb-proof bunkers and shelters. Ralph Tiesler, the head of the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK), stated that Germany needs to be prepared for a potential attack and is currently inadequately prepared for conflict.

Tiesler informed Süddeutsche Zeitung that the perception in Germany regarding war has shifted, and there's now concern about the risk of a major war in Europe. He called for efforts to identify and convert existing structures such as tunnels, metro stations, underground garages, car parks, and public building cellars into protective shelters to accommodate 1 million people. His agency is expected to present a comprehensive plan later this summer.

He added that relying solely on new bunker construction is insufficient due to the time and cost involved, emphasising the need to consider existing structures more immediately.

Concerns about potential new fronts in Europe, particularly in Baltic states, Poland, and Germany, have intensified following Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. Recent events include Russian missile and bomb strikes on the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv, which resulted in three fatalities and 22 injuries. Mayor Ihor Terekhov described it as the most powerful attack since the start of the full-scale war.

Of approximately 2,000 Cold War-era bunkers and protection rooms in Germany, only about 580 are functional, and most require significant renovation. These could shelter around 480,000 people, which is 0.5% of the German population. In contrast, the BBK noted that Finland has 50,000 protection rooms, capable of housing 4.8 million people, or 85% of its population.

Tiesler also suggested that information systems, including apps and road signs, need to be refined to guide the public to shelters, and warning sirens require upgrading. He also mentioned the need to improve the cybersecurity of existing warning apps.

He urged the government to ensure funding for his agency’s plans. While the government has acknowledged the necessity of the plans, formal funding allocation is pending. Funds are anticipated to come from the budget adjustments made after parliament suspended Germany’s debt brake in March, allowing for increased spending in the military, infrastructure, and civil defence. Intelligence services and cybersecurity structures are also seeking these funds.

Tiesler estimated that at least €10 billion (£8.4 billion) would be necessary for civil defence over the next four years, and at least €30 billion over the next decade.

He additionally proposed establishing a compulsory or voluntary civil protection service and encouraged citizens to prepare for potential power and water shortages by stocking up on emergency supplies. He advised having supplies for 10 days if possible, or at least 72 hours, to manage minor disruptions.

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