Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is set to meet with U.S. President Donald Trump on Friday to finalize a critical minerals agreement, a deal that underscores a dramatic shift in Washington’s approach to the ongoing war in Ukraine.
The agreement, while expanding U.S. economic influence in Ukraine’s resource sector, notably lacks the security guarantees Kyiv had hoped for, further signaling a recalibration of America’s role in European security under the Trump administration.
Under the Biden administration, Ukraine received billions of dollars in military aid and diplomatic backing as it fought to repel Russia’s invasion. However, Trump’s return to office has marked a stark departure from that policy. The Republican president has repeatedly expressed his desire to wind down the conflict, seek improved relations with Moscow, and recoup the extensive financial support Washington has poured into Ukraine since 2022.
Trump’s shift in approach has sent ripples through Europe, raising fears that the U.S. could pressure Kyiv into an unfavorable peace agreement. European leaders, including British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, have warned that a weakening of U.S. commitments to Ukraine could embolden Russian President Vladimir Putin and undermine the stability of the continent.
At a joint press conference with Starmer on Thursday, Trump struck a conciliatory tone, stating, “We’re working very hard to bring this war to an end. I think we’ve made a lot of progress, and I think it’s moving along rapidly.” However, he offered little clarity on what a U.S.-brokered peace might entail, adding, “It’ll either be fairly soon or it won’t be at all.”
The Minerals Deal: A Strategic but Incomplete Agreement
The centrepiece of Zelenskyy’s visit is the signing of a critical minerals agreement, which grants the U.S. access to Ukraine’s vast deposits of rare earth minerals, crucial for industries ranging from defence to renewable energy. The deal establishes a joint reconstruction investment fund through which Ukraine would allocate 50% of revenues from mineral extraction to compensate Washington for past military aid. However, despite Kyiv’s hopes, the agreement does not contain provisions for continued U.S. security assistance.
“The U.S. has not given concrete assurances,” noted one diplomatic source familiar with the negotiations. “It creates obligations to cooperate, but it does not have any binding commitments of a defence nature.”
While some in Kyiv view the deal as a pragmatic step to maintain American engagement, others fear it signals Washington’s disengagement from Ukraine’s military struggle. Zelenskyy himself acknowledged the limitations of the agreement, stating that its success would “hinge on further discussions” with Trump.
A Strategic Realignment with Global Implications
Trump’s approach appears to be guided by two key objectives: reducing Washington’s financial burden in Ukraine and securing alternative sources of critical minerals to counter China’s dominance in the sector. Beijing currently controls the global rare earth supply chain, and Trump has repeatedly warned of the dangers of U.S. reliance on Chinese resources.
“The agreement demonstrates some uncertainty on the U.S. side about whether the government has the authority to take the kind of interest in the fund that the agreement contemplates,” said aid Duke University international law professor Tim Meyer, adding that congressional approval may be required for aspects of the deal to move forward.
While the framework agreement makes no mention of security guarantees, it does include a clause stating that the U.S. “will maintain a long-term financial commitment to the development of a stable and economically prosperous Ukraine.” However, analysts note that this language is vague and does not constitute a binding commitment.
The European Response: Uncertainty and Concern
The shift in U.S. policy has left European allies scrambling to assess the implications. With Washington stepping back from its traditional security role, European nations may be forced to take greater responsibility for supporting Ukraine. Starmer has already suggested that Britain would be willing to contribute peacekeeping forces to Ukraine if a negotiated settlement is reached, though Trump has not indicated any U.S. willingness to do the same.
There is also concern over how the minerals deal aligns with Ukraine’s broader geopolitical ambitions. A provision in the agreement states that the U.S. and Ukraine “will strive to avoid conflicts with Ukraine’s obligations” as it seeks European Union membership. Some experts view this as a tacit acknowledgment of growing U.S.-EU tensions over Ukraine’s future direction.
As Zelenskyy prepares to meet Trump, Ukraine finds itself at a crossroads. The mineral agreement, while offering economic opportunities, does not provide the military assurances Kyiv has relied on for the past three years. With Trump pushing for a swift resolution to the war, the coming months could determine whether Ukraine secures the continued support it needs to withstand Russian aggression or is forced into a compromise that alters the balance of power in the region.
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