Daily Brief: Cost-of-Living Protests Across Europe

Daily Brief: Cost-of-Living Protests Across Europe
A yellow vest is seen draped over the statue of Marianne following clashes during nationwide protests against rising living costs and fuel prices, 18 October 2026, Paris, France.
Reuters

Protests swept across France, Albania, Portugal, Belgium and Italy over the weekend, driven by anger over rising living costs, housing shortages, education concerns and government policies. Demonstrations in several countries escalated into violent clashes with police.

Mass protests in France erupt into widespread violence

In France, nationwide protests over rising living costs, inequality and declining public services escalated into violent riots on Saturday, 17 October. Around 550,000 people took part in demonstrations, according to the interior minister, while a trade union estimated the turnout at 800,000. Clashes with police, fires, looting and attacks on public buildings were reported across several cities, including Paris, Marseille and Lyon. More than 1,200 people were arrested, while President Emmanuel Macron vowed to hold those responsible for the violence accountable.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Albanian police fire rubber bullets as student protests rage

In Albania, student-led protests demanding Prime Minister Edi Rama’s resignation escalated into violent clashes with police in the capital, Tirana, on Saturday, 17 October. Police appeared to fire rubber bullets at demonstrators as unrest intensified over alleged government corruption, unemployment and poor education standards. More than 1,000 people have been arrested, while seven police officers have been suspended over alleged misconduct. Rama has rejected calls to step down, pledging to uphold the right to protest.

Thousands protest rising living costs and housing crisis in Portugal

In Portugal, tens of thousands of protesters marched through central Lisbon on Saturday, 17 October, demanding action over soaring living costs and a worsening housing crisis. Demonstrators say low wages are failing to keep pace with rising rents, property prices and everyday expenses. House prices have more than doubled since 2017, while inflation reached 3.6 per cent in September. Despite growing public pressure, the centre-right government says it will not give in to street protests and insists measures are already being implemented to address the crisis.

Protesters clash with police in Brussels over education costs

In Belgium, hundreds of mostly young protesters gathered in Brussels, 17 October, to demonstrate against rising education costs and proposed reforms, with tensions escalating into violent clashes with police. Police used tear gas and water cannon after clashes broke out, while some demonstrators overturned a car. Student groups fear the reforms could make higher education less accessible. The unrest, partly inspired by protests in neighbouring France, also spread to the eastern city of Liège.

Italian police clash with protesters over living costs in Milan and Bologna

In Italy, cost-of-living protests escalated into violent clashes with police in Milan and Bologna on Saturday, 17 October. Police used tear gas in Milan after demonstrators reportedly threw stones near the city's famous cathedral, while officers in Bologna deployed water cannon and arrested seven people. Shops were forced to close, tourists fled the area and several injuries were reported in Milan. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni condemned the violence, saying, “Demonstrating is a right. Turning our cities into battlegrounds is not.”

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