The second China-Central Asia Summit commenced today (16 June) in Kazakhstan’s capital, marking a pivotal moment in deepening political and economic ties between China and the five Central Asian states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Running from 16 to 18 June, the summit aims to strengthen regional connectivity, expand trade, and reinforce multilateral cooperation amid a shifting global landscape.

Building on the inaugural 2023 summit in Xi’an, where leaders committed to a “community with a shared future,” the Astana meeting is expected to culminate in the signing of the Astana Declaration. This document will outline shared goals for regional stability, economic development, and collaborative infrastructure initiatives.

Multilateralism and economic integration

In a joint effort to uphold multilateralism and a rules-based international order, summit participants are set to highlight the importance of cooperation in the face of growing global protectionism. The expected adoption of the Astana Declaration reflects the shared desire to build on past cooperation and create new frameworks for investment, trade, and security.

Connectivity through infrastructure

Central to discussions is the enhancement of cross-border infrastructure. With the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway entering the construction phase, the project is positioned to serve as a key corridor linking East Asia with Europe. This new transport route aims to streamline logistics, reduce costs, and further integrate Central Asia into trans-Eurasian supply chains.

Other Chinese-backed infrastructure projects under discussion include the Astana urban light rail, developed using Chinese technology, and strategic pipelines such as the China-Kazakhstan crude oil and gas lines. These developments signal a continued deepening of energy and transit cooperation across the region.

Rising trade and investment

Trade between China and the Central Asian nations reached $94.8 billion in 2024, an increase of $5.4 billion from the previous year. China’s investment footprint in the region is also expanding, particularly in renewable energy and agro-industrial sectors. The summit serves as a venue to identify additional opportunities for economic collaboration and supply chain integration.

Security and sustainability challenges

Beyond economics, leaders are addressing non-traditional security threats including food and energy security, cybersecurity, and environmental concerns. The summit reinforces a shared commitment to safer digital environments, echoing principles from China’s 2020 Global Initiative on Data Security.

Cultural and tourism exchanges

The summit also seeks to expand people-to-people ties. Cultural cooperation and tourism development are high on the agenda, following a 78% surge in Chinese tourist arrivals to Kazakhstan in 2024. Plans to simplify visa processes and create new China-Central Asia tourism routes reflect efforts to deepen mutual understanding and unlock economic potential in the services sector.

Strategic implications

As a key hub between East and West, Central Asia’s role in the Belt and Road Initiative continues to grow. The Astana summit not only consolidates China’s position in the region but also institutionalizes a consultative framework for addressing shared challenges. Officials view this model as an increasingly important counterbalance to unilateralism and geopolitical fragmentation.

Outlook

The 2025 Astana summit signals renewed momentum in China-Central Asia relations. As the region navigates an era of geopolitical flux, the summit’s outcomes are likely to shape Eurasian cooperation for years to come—anchored in infrastructure, trade, security, and cultural dialogue.

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