After ten days of tense talks in Paris, New Caledonia’s pro-independence and loyalist leaders have signed a political blueprint that could reshape their relationship with France.
The deal, signed on 12 July, establishes a state of New Caledonia within the French Republic. It introduces a unique status under France’s constitution and aims for wider international recognition.
A new foundational law, expected in 2026, will let Caledonians redefine their identity, including the territory’s name, flag, anthem and motto. While defence and foreign policy will remain with Paris, New Caledonia will gain more room to act abroad, especially in trade and regional forums, through a new joint dialogue with France.
Security will be shared. Local police forces will operate alongside French armed forces, which will keep protecting the territory.
One of the most debated changes is the electoral reform. Anyone living in New Caledonia for at least 15 years will now be able to vote in local elections. This could bring in over 12,000 new voters and may reduce the political weight of the indigenous Kanak population.
From 2026, dual citizenship will also start. Caledonians will hold both French and Caledonian citizenship and keep their EU rights.
The agreement promises a strong economic plan, including tighter oversight of nickel resources and investments in health, education, and transport. Oversight will be led by a mission under the French Prime Minister.
But the blueprint is not law yet. It must be approved by the Kanak people in a 2026 vote. While leaders present it as a breakthrough, divisions remain strong on the islands.
President Emmanuel Macron played a central role. Facing rising domestic and international pressure, Paris chose dialogue over control.
International support, including from groups like the Baku Initiative Group, helped push New Caledonia’s self-determination case to the global stage.
Crucially, the constitutional changes needed for this plan challenge France’s long-held belief in an unchangeable founding law.
What happens next could influence other regions, such as Corsica, seeking more autonomy within France.
It marks a historic shift. Forged in Paris, but echoing far beyond New Caledonia.
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