A CIA review has identified procedural flaws in a 2016 assessment that Russia sought to help Donald Trump win the U.S. presidency, but it did not challenge the core conclusion that President Vladimir Putin directed the influence campaign.

The review, released on Wednesday, found that while the intelligence assessment suffered from “multiple procedural anomalies,” its core findings remained credible. It questioned the use of a “high confidence” rating by the CIA and FBI, suggesting a “moderate confidence” level—used by the National Security Agency—would have been more appropriate.

The December 2016 classified assessment concluded that Putin ordered a disinformation and cyber campaign aimed at swaying the U.S. election in Trump’s favour. That judgment has since been supported by a bipartisan Senate Intelligence Committee report released in 2018.

However, the CIA’s Directorate of Analysis, which conducted the internal review, cited issues including a compressed timeline and “excessive involvement of agency heads” that led to deviations from standard analytic procedures. These factors, it said, undermined the application of rigorous tradecraft in forming the most contested conclusions.

The review was commissioned by former Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe, a Trump appointee, during his tenure as CIA director. According to a CIA statement, the aim was to “promote analytic objectivity and transparency.”

Trump has consistently rejected the intelligence community’s findings about Russian interference, frequently citing Putin’s denials. After meeting the Russian leader in 2017, he said he believed Putin’s assurances over the U.S. agencies’ conclusions.

The review did not challenge the existence or scope of the Russian influence effort, reaffirming that the CIA report used by analysts remained “quality and credible.” Nonetheless, the re-evaluation highlights longstanding concerns within the intelligence community about politicisation and methodological rigour in high-stakes assessments.

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