Oil prices fell in choppy trading on Monday as investors awaited clarity on talks between the U.S. and Iran and remained cautious about sustained supply losses caused by shipping disruptions.
Brent crude futures (LCOc1) fell 64 cents, or 0.6%, to $108.39 a barrel at 1109 GMT. U.S. West Texas Intermediate (CLc1) crude futures were down 1.2%, or $1.33, at $110.21 per barrel.
Price movements in Asian trading on Monday were overshadowed by an 11% surge in WTI and an 8% rise in Brent during the previous session on Thursday - the largest absolute price increases since 2020.
The U.S. and Iran received a framework plan to end hostilities, but Iran rejected immediately reopening the Strait of Hormuz after President Donald Trump threatened to rain "hell" on Tehran if it did not reach a deal by the end of Tuesday.
Iran also said it had formulated its positions and demands in response to recent ceasefire proposals conveyed via intermediaries.
The Strait of Hormuz, which carries oil and petroleum products from Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, remains largely closed due to Iranian attacks on shipping following the outbreak of war on 28 February.
Some vessels, however - including an Omani-operated tanker, a French-owned container ship and a Japanese-owned gas carrier - have passed through the Strait of Hormuz since Thursday, according to shipping data, reflecting Iran’s policy of allowing passage to vessels from countries it considers more friendly.
"The market is trying to realise what to expect going forward. The most important headline this weekend has been that some ships passed through the Strait," said SEB Research analyst Ole Hvalbye.
Hvalbye also noted that Europe continued to lose physical barrels and refined products to Asia due to tightening market conditions.
Supply disruptions in the Middle East have prompted refiners to seek alternative crude sources, particularly physical cargoes from the U.S. and Britain’s North Sea. Spot premiums for U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude have surged to record highs amid competition between Asian and European refiners.
Indian refiners have also postponed maintenance shutdowns at their facilities to meet domestic fuel demand.
On Sunday, OPEC+, comprising members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies including Russia, agreed to a modest output increase of 206,000 barrels per day for May.
However, the decision is expected to remain largely theoretical, as several key producers in the group are unable to raise output due to the war.
Saudi Arabia also set the official selling price of its May Arab Light crude to Asia at a record premium of $19.50 a barrel above the Oman/Dubai average, up $17 from the previous month, according to Aramco.
Meanwhile, Russian supply has recently been disrupted by Ukrainian drone attacks on export terminals in the Baltic Sea. Media reports on Sunday said the Ust-Luga terminal resumed loadings on Saturday after several days of disruption.
Exports from the Black Sea port of Tuapse are expected to rise to 794,000 metric tonnes in April, up 8.7% on a daily basis from 755,000 metric tonnes planned for March, according to two traders and Reuters calculations.
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One person was killed and nearly a dozen hurt in a fresh attack on Riyadh's international airport on Sunday, Saudi authorities reported, a day after a strike claimed by Yemen's Houthis killed 13 people and wounded more than 300.
The Saudi-led coalition in Yemen said late Monday that it intercepted and destroyed two ballistic missiles launched by the Houthi group toward Khamis Mushait in southwestern Saudi Arabia.
The Houthi movement has escalated their attacks on Saudi Arabia, targeting the airport in Riyadh and other cities, killing more than a dozen people.
The Kremlin on Monday rejected a 60-day ceasefire idea proposed by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to allow his country to hold presidential elections, saying it wanted an overall peace deal instead.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy says Russia hit at least six energy targets in deadly strikes across Ukraine, showing Moscow is unwilling to accept the energy ceasefire announced by U.S. President Donald Trump.
The leader of Yemen's Saudi-backed government announced the beginning of a major military operation against the Iran-backed Houthis on Sunday, aimed at seizing the territory under their control.
Iran says the Strait of Hormuz will remain closed until the United States meets seven conditions agreed under a June memorandum, as President Donald Trump signals he may soon decide whether to resume military operations against Tehran.
Governments from the Persian Gulf to the Horn of Africa are hedging against a conflict they cannot control, with contingency plans beginning to reshape trade routes, alliances and the regional map.
A supertanker which was cruising through the Strait of Hormuz was targetted by an unknown projectile off the coast of Oman, according to an Iranian news agency which said the vessel was “violating” navigation rules at the Strait of Hormuz on 1 October.
Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has accused the U.S. and Israel of seeking to foment internal divisions in Iran after failing to defeat the country militarily, Iran's state news agency IRNA reported.
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